How to Plant, Grow and Care for Hydrangea

How to Plant, Grow and Care for Hydrangeas

Hydrangeas are cherished for their large, showy blossoms that come in a stunning array of colors and shapes. This guide delves into the most popular hydrangea varieties and their characteristics while also exploring suitable companion plants to enhance your garden’s aesthetics and health. In this article, we discuss how to grow Hydrangeas.

What is Hydrangea

Hydrangeas are deciduous flowering shrubs native to Asia and the Americas, renowned for their large, showy flower clusters that bloom in various shades of pink, blue, white, and purple. The scientific name for Hydrangea is Hydrangea spp., which includes several species and numerous cultivars.

The most commonly grown species are Hydrangea macrophylla (Bigleaf Hydrangea), Hydrangea paniculata (Panicle Hydrangea), Hydrangea arborescens (Smooth Hydrangea), and Hydrangea quercifolia (Oakleaf Hydrangea). Each species and cultivar offers its unique characteristics, including bloom type, color, and growth habit, making Hydrangeas an incredibly versatile choice for any garden.

How to Grow Hydrangeas

To ensure successful Hydrangea cultivation, follow these expert tips on how to grow Hydrangeas:

Choose the right location

Hydrangeas generally prefer partial shade, but the specific sunlight requirements vary depending on the species. Most Hydrangeas thrive in dappled shade with some morning sun, while panicle and smooth hydrangeas can tolerate more sun. Choose a location with well-draining soil and ample space for the plant to reach its mature size.

Plant at the appropriate time

Plant Hydrangeas in early spring or fall when the temperatures are cooler and the plant is dormant. This allows the roots to establish themselves before the stress of hot summer weather.

Prepare the soil

Hydrangeas prefer fertile, well-draining soil with a pH level between 5.5 and 7.0. Amend the soil with organic matter, such as compost or well-rotted manure, to improve its texture and fertility. If you want to influence the color of bigleaf hydrangea blooms, adjust the soil pH accordingly – acidic soil will produce blue flowers, while alkaline soil encourages pink blooms.

Planting technique

Dig a hole twice as wide and as deep as the root ball. Gently loosen the roots before placing the hydrangea in the hole. Ensure the top of the root ball is level with the surrounding soil. Fill the hole with soil and firm it around the plant. Water thoroughly to settle the soil and eliminate air pockets.

Mulch and water

Apply a layer of organic mulch, such as shredded bark or compost, around the base of the plant to help retain moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature. Keep the soil consistently moist, particularly during the plant’s first few years. Hydrangeas are sensitive to drought, so ensure adequate watering throughout the growing season.

How to Care for Hydrangea

You must not only learn how to grow Hydrangeas, but also how to care for them. To maintain healthy, thriving hydrangeas, follow these expert care tips:

Prune appropriately

Proper pruning is crucial for maintaining the health and appearance of your hydrangeas. The pruning method varies depending on the species:

For bigleaf and oakleaf hydrangeas, which bloom on old wood, prune shortly after flowering in late summer. Remove dead, damaged, or weak branches, and shape the plant as desired.
For panicle and smooth hydrangeas, which bloom on new wood, prune in late winter or early spring before new growth begins. Cut back the stems to about one-third of their length, which will encourage strong, new growth and abundant blooms.

Fertilize

Fertilize your hydrangeas in early spring with a slow-release, balanced fertilizer, such as a 10-10-10 granular formula. Apply according to the package instructions, avoiding direct contact with the plant’s stems. Too much fertilizer can lead to excessive foliage growth and reduced blooming, so use it sparingly.

Monitor for pests and diseases

Hydrangeas can be affected by pests such as aphids, spider mites, and Japanese beetles. Treat infestations with insecticidal soap or horticultural oil. Hydrangeas are also susceptible to diseases like powdery mildew and leaf spot. Ensure proper air circulation, water at the base of the plant, and promptly remove affected foliage to prevent and control these diseases.

Provide winter protection

In colder climates, protect your hydrangeas from harsh winter conditions. Apply a thick layer of organic mulch around the base of the plant to insulate the roots and retain moisture. For bigleaf and oakleaf hydrangeas, which bloom on old wood, consider covering the plant with burlap or a protective cage filled with leaves to shield it from cold temperatures and drying winds.

H3: 10. Amend soil to change bloom color (Bigleaf Hydrangeas)

The color of bigleaf hydrangea blooms can be altered by adjusting the soil pH. To change the flower color from pink to blue, lower the soil pH by applying aluminum sulfate or sulfur according to package instructions. To change the color from blue to pink, raise the soil pH by incorporating lime. Note that white-flowered hydrangeas will not change color with soil amendments.

Deadheading

Remove spent blooms from your hydrangeas throughout the blooming season to maintain a tidy appearance and encourage further flowering. Cut just below the spent flower head, being careful not to remove any developing flower buds on the stem.

Support heavy blooms

Some hydrangea varieties produce large, heavy flower clusters that may cause the branches to droop or even break. Provide support by staking the stems or installing a peony cage around the plant to help bear the weight of the blooms.

By following these expert tips on planting, growing, and caring for hydrangeas, you can enjoy the stunning beauty and abundant blooms these plants have to offer. With proper care and maintenance, your hydrangeas will be a standout feature in your garden for years to come.

Key Types of Hydrangeas

There are several hydrangea species and numerous cultivars available to gardeners, offering a plethora of options for various garden styles and conditions. The following are ten popular hydrangea types:

Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Nikko Blue’

‘Nikko Blue’ is a classic bigleaf hydrangea with large, rounded flower clusters in vibrant blue or pink, depending on the soil pH. This deciduous shrub can grow up to 6 feet tall and wide, preferring partial shade and consistently moist, well-draining soil.

Hydrangea quercifolia ‘Snow Queen’

‘Snow Queen’ is an oakleaf hydrangea cultivar known for its stunning, elongated white flower panicles and attractive, deeply lobed leaves that resemble oak leaves. This variety provides multi-season interest, with foliage turning a deep burgundy in autumn. It thrives in partial shade and well-draining soil, reaching 6-8 feet in height and spread.

Hydrangea paniculata ‘Limelight’

‘Limelight’ is a panicle hydrangea featuring large, conical flower clusters that emerge green and transition to creamy white, then develop a pinkish hue as they age. This cultivar is sun-tolerant and can grow up to 6-8 feet tall and wide. It blooms on new wood, making it easier to maintain with late-winter or early-spring pruning.

Hydrangea arborescens ‘Annabelle’

‘Annabelle’ is a popular smooth hydrangea known for its immense, snowball-like white flower clusters that can reach up to 12 inches in diameter. This hardy shrub grows 3-5 feet tall and wide, preferring partial shade and well-draining soil. It blooms on new wood, allowing for easy maintenance through winter or spring pruning.

Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Endless Summer’

‘Endless Summer’ is a bigleaf hydrangea cultivar with large, mophead-style blooms that can be pink or blue depending on soil pH. This reblooming variety can reach 3-5 feet in height and width and thrives in partial shade with consistently moist, well-draining soil.

Hydrangea serrata ‘Bluebird’

‘Bluebird’ is a mountain hydrangea cultivar that produces delicate lacecap flower clusters with blue or pink fertile flowers, surrounded by showy, sterile florets. This compact shrub grows 3-4 feet tall and wide, preferring dappled shade and well-draining, acidic soil for the best blue flower color.

Hydrangea paniculata ‘Vanilla Strawberry’

‘Vanilla Strawberry’ is a panicle hydrangea featuring large, conical flower clusters that emerge creamy white and transition to a vibrant strawberry-pink as

they age. This sun-loving cultivar can reach 6-7 feet in height and 4-5 feet in width, making it an excellent choice for borders or as a focal point. It blooms on new wood, so pruning in late winter or early spring will encourage abundant blooms.

Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Pistachio’

‘Pistachio’ is a unique bigleaf hydrangea variety with striking, multi-colored mophead flower clusters that combine shades of red, pink, green, and blue. This compact cultivar grows 3-4 feet tall and wide and thrives in partial shade with consistently moist, well-draining soil.

Hydrangea quercifolia ‘Ruby Slippers’

‘Ruby Slippers’ is a compact oakleaf hydrangea cultivar known for its upright, conical flower panicles that start white and gradually turn a deep rosy-pink. With its stunning foliage and multi-season interest, this variety is perfect for small gardens. It grows 3-4 feet tall and wide and prefers partial shade with well-draining soil.

Hydrangea arborescens ‘Incrediball’

‘Incrediball’ is a smooth hydrangea variety featuring massive, spherical flower clusters that can reach up to 12 inches in diameter. The flowers emerge green, turn white, and age to a light green hue. This hardy shrub grows 4-5 feet tall and wide and prefers partial shade and well-draining soil.

H2: Companion Plants for Hydrangea

Choosing the right companion plants for your hydrangeas can enhance their beauty while also promoting a healthier garden ecosystem. The following are some excellent companion plants for hydrangeas:

Hostas

Hostas are shade-loving perennials with lush, attractive foliage that complements hydrangeas’ large blooms. They thrive in similar conditions as hydrangeas and are available in various colors, sizes, and leaf patterns, adding texture and interest to the garden.

Ferns

Ferns are ideal companions for hydrangeas in woodland-style gardens. They prefer similar shady, moist conditions and offer a delicate, feathery contrast to the bold hydrangea blooms. Choose from numerous fern species, such as Japanese painted ferns, lady ferns, or ostrich ferns, to create a beautiful and harmonious garden scene.

Heucheras (Coral Bells)

Heucheras are versatile perennials that come in a wide range of foliage colors, from deep purple to lime green, providing an exciting contrast to hydrangea blossoms. They thrive in partial shade and well-draining soil, making them an excellent companion plant for hydrangeas.

Astilbes

Astilbes are shade-loving perennials with feathery, colorful flower plumes that beautifully contrast hydrangea blooms. They appreciate moist, well-draining soil and part shade, making them an ideal partner for hydrangeas in the garden.

Rhododendrons and Azaleas

Rhododendrons and azaleas are evergreen or deciduous shrubs that produce stunning, vibrant flowers in spring. They thrive in similar acidic soil conditions as hydrangeas and can create a striking color contrast in the garden.

Boxwood

Boxwood shrubs offer a dense, evergreen foliage that can provide a beautiful backdrop for hydrangea blooms. They can be pruned and shaped into formal hedges or other shapes.

FAQs

What is the best time to plant hydrangeas? How to Grow Hydrangeas?

The ideal time to plant hydrangeas is in early spring or fall when the weather is cooler and more moderate. Planting during these times reduces stress on the plants and allows them to establish their roots before the extreme temperatures of summer or winter arrive.

How often should I water my hydrangeas?

Hydrangeas prefer consistently moist soil, so you should water them as needed to maintain even moisture levels. This usually translates to watering 1-2 times per week, depending on climate and soil conditions. Be sure to adjust your watering schedule based on rainfall and avoid overwatering, as this can lead to root rot.

Can hydrangeas grow in full sun? How to Grow Hydrangeas in full sun?

While some hydrangea varieties can tolerate more sun than others, most hydrangeas prefer partial shade, especially during the hottest part of the day. Panicle hydrangeas (Hydrangea paniculata) and smooth hydrangeas (Hydrangea arborescens) are more sun-tolerant than bigleaf hydrangeas (Hydrangea macrophylla) and mountain hydrangeas (Hydrangea serrata).

How do I change the color of my hydrangea blooms?

The color of bigleaf and mountain hydrangea blooms can be influenced by the pH level of the soil. To achieve blue flowers, you’ll need acidic soil with a pH of 5.5 or lower. For pink flowers, aim for alkaline soil with a pH of 6.5 or higher. You can adjust the soil pH using aluminum sulfate for blue blooms or lime for pink blooms.

How and when should I prune my hydrangeas?

The ideal time and method for pruning hydrangeas depends on the variety. For hydrangeas that bloom on old wood, like bigleaf and mountain hydrangeas, prune them immediately after flowering in summer. For those that bloom on new wood, like panicle and smooth hydrangeas, prune them in late winter or early spring before new growth begins.

Why are my hydrangea flowers not blooming?

A lack of blooms can result from various factors, including improper pruning, insufficient sunlight, or inadequate nutrients. Ensure that you are pruning your hydrangeas correctly based on their type, providing enough sunlight (preferably morning sun), and applying a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in spring to promote healthy growth and flowering.

Do hydrangeas attract pests?

Hydrangeas are generally resistant to most pests, but they can occasionally attract insects like aphids, spider mites, or Japanese beetles. If you notice an infestation, treat the affected plants with insecticidal soap or neem oil, following label instructions for proper application.

How can I propagate hydrangeas?

Hydrangeas can be propagated through softwood cuttings, typically taken in late spring or early summer. Choose a healthy, non-flowering stem, and cut a 4-6 inch piece with at least two leaf nodes. Remove the lower leaves, dip the cut end in rooting hormone, and plant it in a well-draining potting mix. Keep the cutting moist and in a bright, indirect light until roots develop.

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